monopoleTopHat

Create capacitively loaded monopole antenna over rectangular ground plane

Description

The monopoleTopHat object is a top-hat monopole antenna mounted over a rectangular ground plane. The monopole always connects with the center of top hat. The top hat builds up additional capacitance to ground within the structure. This capacitance reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna without increasing the size of the element.

The width of the monopole is related to the diameter of an equivalent cylindrical monopole by the expression

$$w=2d=4r$$

where:

• d is the diameter of equivalent cylindrical monopole

• r is the radius of equivalent cylindrical monopole.

For a given cylinder radius, use the cylinder2strip utility function to calculate the equivalent width. The default top-hat monopole is center-fed. The feed point coincides with the origin. The origin is located on the xy- plane.

Creation

Syntax

mth = monopoleTopHat

mth = monopoleTopHat(Name,Value)

Description

mth = monopoleTopHat creates a capacitively loaded monopole antenna over a rectangular ground plane.

mth = monopoleTopHat(Name,Value) creates a capacitively loaded monopole antenna with additional properties specified by one or more name-value pair arguments. Name is the property name and Value is the corresponding value. You can specify several name-value pair arguments in any order as Name1, Value1,..., NameN, ValueN. Properties not specified retain their default values.

Properties

Height — Monopole height

1 (default) | scalar

Monopole height, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, the height is chosen for an operating frequency of 75 MHz.

Example: 'Height',3

Data Types: double

Width — Monopole width

0.1000 (default) | scalar

Monopole width, specified as a scalar in meters.

Note

Monopole width should be less than 'Height'/4 and greater than 'Height'/1001. [2]

Example: 'Width',0.05

Data Types: double

GroundPlaneLength — Ground plane length along x-axis

2 (default) | scalar

Ground plane length along x-axis, specified as a scalar in meters. Setting 'GroundPlaneLength' to Inf, uses the infinite ground plane technique for antenna analysis.

Example: 'GroundPlaneLength',4

Data Types: double

GroundPlaneWidth — Ground plane width along y-axis

2 (default) | scalar

Ground plane width along y-axis, specified as a scalar in meters. Setting 'GroundPlaneWidth' to Inf, uses the infinite ground plane technique for antenna analysis.

Example: 'GroundPlaneWidth',2.5

Data Types: double

TopHatLength — Top hat length along x-axis

0.2500 (default) | scalar

Top hat length along x-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 'TopHatLength',4

Data Types: double

TopHatWidth — Top hat width along y-axis

0.2500 (default) | scalar

Top hat width along y-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 'TopHatWidth',4

Data Types: double

FeedOffset — Signed distance from center along length and width of ground plane

[0 0] (default) | two-element vector

Signed distance from center along length and width of ground plane, specified as a two-element vector.

Example: 'FeedOffset',[2 1]

Data Types: double

Substrate — Type of dielectric material

'Air' (default) | dielectric object

Type of dielectric material used as the substrate, specified as a dielectric object. You can also specify multiple dielectric layers. When creating multiple dielectric layers, in the dielectric function, specify the name, thickness, loss tangent, and relative permittivity of each layer. For more information, see dielectric. For more information on dielectric substrate meshing, see Meshing.

Example: d = dielectric('FR4'); mth = monopoleTopHat('Substrate',d)

Example: d = dielectric('FR4'); mth = MonopoleTopHat; mth.Substrate = d

Example: d = dielectric('Name',{'FR4','Teflon'},'Thickness',[0.5 0.5],'LossTangent',[0.002 0.002],'EpsilonR',[4.8 2.1]); mth = monopoleTopHat('Substrate',d)

Conductor — Type of metal material

'PEC' (default) | metal object

Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal material object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. For more information, see metal. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.

Example: m = metal('Copper'); 'Conductor',m

Example: m = metal('Copper'); ant.Conductor = m

Load — Lumped elements

[1x1 lumpedElement] (default) | lumped element object

Lumped elements added to the antenna feed, specified as a lumped element object. For more information, see lumpedElement.

Example: 'Load',lumpedelement. lumpedelement is the object for the load created using lumpedElement.

Example: mth.Load = lumpedElement('Impedance',75)

Tilt — Tilt angle of antenna

0 (default) | scalar | vector

Tilt angle of the antenna in degrees, specified as a scalar or vector. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 90

Example: Tilt=[90 90],TiltAxis=[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.

Data Types: double

TiltAxis — Tilt axis of antenna

[1 0 0] (default) | three-element vector | 2-by-3 matrix | "X" | "Y" | "Z"

Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as one of these values:

• Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the x-, y-, and z-axes.

• Two points in space, specified as a 2-by-3 matrix corresponding to two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points.

• "x", "y", or "z" to describe a rotation about the x-, y-, or z-axis, respectively.

For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: [0 1 0]

Example: [0 0 0;0 1 0]

Example: "Z"

Data Types: double | string

Object Functions

show	Display antenna, array structures, shapes, or platform
info	Display information about antenna or array
axialRatio	Axial ratio of antenna
beamwidth	Beamwidth of antenna
charge	Charge distribution on antenna or array surface
current	Current distribution on antenna or array surface
design	Design prototype antenna or arrays for resonance around specified frequency or create AI-based antenna from antenna catalog objects
efficiency	Radiation efficiency of antenna
EHfields	Electric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays
impedance	Input impedance of antenna or scan impedance of array
mesh	Mesh properties of metal, dielectric antenna, or array structure
meshconfig	Change meshing mode of antenna, array, custom antenna, custom array, or custom geometry
optimize	Optimize antenna or array using SADEA optimizer
pattern	Plot radiation pattern and phase of antenna or array or embedded pattern of antenna element in array
patternAzimuth	Azimuth plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
patternElevation	Elevation plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
rcs	Calculate and plot radar cross section (RCS) of platform, antenna, or array
returnLoss	Return loss of antenna or scan return loss of array
sparameters	Calculate S-parameters for antennas and antenna arrays
vswr	Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna or array element

Examples

Create and View Top-Hat Monopole

Create and view a top-hat monopole with 1 m length, 0.01 m width, groundplane dimensions 2mx2m and top hat dimensions 0.25mx0.25m.

th = monopoleTopHat

th = 
  monopoleTopHat with properties:

               Height: 1
                Width: 0.0100
    GroundPlaneLength: 2
     GroundPlaneWidth: 2
         TopHatLength: 0.2500
          TopHatWidth: 0.2500
            Substrate: [1x1 dielectric]
           FeedOffset: [0 0]
            Conductor: [1x1 metal]
                 Tilt: 0
             TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                 Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]

show(th)

Calculate Impedance of Top-Hat Monopole Antenna

Calculate and plot the impedance of a top-hat monopole over a frequency range of 40 MHz-80 MHz.

th = monopoleTopHat;
impedance(th,linspace(40e6,80e6,41));

Compare Impedance of Top-Hat Monopole Antenna and Monopole Antenna

Impedance comparison between a monopole of similar dimensions and the top-hat monopole in example 2.

m = monopole;
figure
impedance(m,linspace(40e6,80e6,41));

Top-Hat Monopole with Multiple Dielectric Layers

Create a top-hat monopole with default dimensions and a substrate with two dielectric layers.

mth = monopoleTopHat;
d = dielectric('Name',{'FR4','Teflon'},'Thickness',[0.5 0.5],'LossTangent',[0.002 0.002],'EpsilonR',[4.8 2.1]);
mth.Substrate = d

mth = 
  monopoleTopHat with properties:

               Height: 1
                Width: 0.0100
    GroundPlaneLength: 2
     GroundPlaneWidth: 2
         TopHatLength: 0.2500
          TopHatWidth: 0.2500
            Substrate: [1x1 dielectric]
           FeedOffset: [0 0]
            Conductor: [1x1 metal]
                 Tilt: 0
             TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                 Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]

View the top-hat monopole antenna.

show(mth)

References

[1] Balanis, C.A. Antenna Theory. Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.

[2] Volakis, John. Antenna Engineering Handbook, 4th Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2007.

Version History

Introduced in R2015a