Maximum
Maximum values of input or sequence of inputs
Libraries:
DSP System Toolbox /
Statistics
DSP System Toolbox HDL Support /
Statistics
Description
The Maximum block identifies the value and position of the largest element in each row or column of the input, or along vectors of a specified dimension of the input. It can also compute the maximum value of the entire input. The Maximum block can also track the maximum values in a sequence of inputs over a period of time. The Mode parameter specifies the block's mode of operation and can be set to one of the following:
Value
— The block outputs the maximum values in the specified dimension.Index
— The block outputs the index array of the maximum values in the specified dimension.Value and Index
— The block outputs the maximum values and the corresponding index array in the specified dimension.Running
— The block tracks the maximum values in a sequence of inputs over a period of time.
You can specify the dimension using the Find the maximum value over parameter.
Note
The Running mode in the Maximum block will be removed in a future release. To compute the running maximum in Simulink®, use the Moving Maximum block instead.
Examples
Compute the Maximum
Simulink model example to compute the maximum using the Maximum block.
Compute the Running Maximum
Simulink model example to compute the running maximum using the Maximum block.
Ports
Input
In — Data input
vector | matrix | N-D array
The block accepts real-valued or complex-valued multichannel and multidimensional inputs. The input can be floating-point, fixed-point, or Boolean. Real fixed-point inputs can be either signed or unsigned. Complex fixed-point inputs must be signed.
This port is unnamed until you set the Mode
parameter to Running
and the Reset
port parameter to any option other than
None
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| uint8
| uint16
| uint32
| uint64
| Boolean
| fixed point
Complex Number Support: Yes
Rst — Reset port
scalar
Specify the reset event that causes the block to reset the running maximum. The sample time of the Rst input must be a positive integer multiple of the input sample time.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set the Mode parameter
to Running
and the Reset
port parameter to any option other than
None
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| uint8
| uint16
| uint32
| Boolean
Output
Val — Maximum values along the specified dimension
scalar | vector | matrix | N-D array
The data type of the maximum value matches the data type of the input.
When the Mode parameter is set to either
Value and Index
or
Value
, the following applies:
The size of the dimension for which the block computes the maximum value is 1. The sizes of all other dimensions match those of the input array. For example, when the input is an M-by-N-by-P array, with the dimension set to
1
, the block outputs a 1-by-N-by-P array. When the dimension is set to3
, the block outputs a two-dimensional M-by-N matrix.When the input is an M-by-N matrix, with the dimension set to
1
, the block outputs a 1-by-N matrix.
If you specify the block to compute the maximum value over the entire input, the block outputs a scalar.
When the Mode parameter is set
Running
, the block tracks the maximum
value of each channel in a time sequence of
M-by-N inputs. In this mode,
you must also specify the Input processing
parameter as one of the following:
Elements as channels (sample based)
— The block treats each element of the input as a separate channel. For a three-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N-by-P, the block outputs an M-by-N-by-P array. Each yijk element of the output contains the maximum value observed in element uijk for all inputs since the last reset.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum yijk in the current frame is reset to the element uijk.
Columns as channels (frame based)
— The block treats each column of the input as a separate channel. This option does not support an N-dimensional input signal, where N > 2. For a two-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N, the block outputs an M-by-N matrix. Each element yij of the output contains the maximum value observed in the jth column of all inputs since the last reset, up to and including element uij of the current input.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum for each channel becomes the maximum value of all the samples in the current input frame, up to and including the current input sample.
The block resets the running maximum whenever a reset event is detected at the optional Rst port. The reset sample time must be a positive integer multiple of the input sample time.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set the Mode parameter
to either Value and Index
or
Value
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| uint8
| uint16
| uint32
| uint64
| Boolean
| fixed point
Complex Number Support: Yes
Idx — Index of the maximum values along the specified dimension
scalar | vector | matrix | N-D array
When the input is double
, the index values are also
double
. Otherwise, the index values are
uint32
.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set the Mode parameter
to either Value and Index
or
Index
.
Data Types: double
| uint32
Parameters
Main Tab
Mode — Mode in which the block operates
Value and Index
(default) | Value
| Index
| Running
When the Mode parameter is set to:
Value
— The block computes the maximum value in each row or column of the input, or along vectors of a specified dimension of the input. It can also compute the maximum value of the entire input at each sample time, and outputs the array, y. Each element in the output is the maximum value in the corresponding column, row, vector, or entire input. The output y depends on the setting of the Find the maximum value over parameter. Consider a three dimensional input signal of size M-by-N-by-P. Set Find the maximum value over to:Each row
— The output y at each sample time consists of an M-by-1-by-P array, where each element contains the maximum value of each vector over the second dimension of the input. For an M-by-N matrix input, the output at each sample time is an M-by-1 column vector.Each column
— The output y at each sample time consists of a 1-by-N-by-P array, where each element contains the maximum value of each vector over the first dimension of the input. For an M-by-N matrix input, the output at each sample time is a 1-by-N row vector.In this mode, the block treats length-M unoriented vector inputs as M-by-1 column vectors.
Entire input
— The output y at each sample time is a scalar that contains the maximum value in the M-by-N-by-P input matrix.Specified dimension
— The output y at each sample time depends on Dimension. If Dimension is set to1
, the output is the same as when you selectEach column
. If Dimension is set to2
, the output is the same as when you selectEach row
. If Dimension is set to3
, the output at each sample time is an M-by-N matrix containing the maximum value of each vector over the third dimension of the input.
Complex Inputs
For complex inputs, the block selects the value in each row or column of the input, along vectors of a specified dimension of the input, or of the entire input that has the maximum magnitude squared as shown in the following figure. For complex value , the magnitude squared is .
Index
— The block computes the maximum value in each row or column of the input, along vectors of a specified dimension of the input, or of the entire input, and outputs the index array I. Each element in I is an integer indexing the maximum value in the corresponding column, row, vector, or entire input. The output I depends on the setting of the Find the maximum value over parameter. Consider a three-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N-by-P:Each row
— The output I at each sample time consists of an M-by-1-by-P array, where each element contains the index of the maximum value of each vector over the second dimension of the input. For an input that is an M-by-N matrix, the output at each sample time is an M-by-1 column vector.Each column
— The output I at each sample time consists of a 1-by-N-by-P array, where each element contains the index of the maximum value of each vector over the first dimension of the input. For an input that is an M-by-N matrix, the output at each sample time is a 1-by-N row vector.In this mode, the block treats length-M unoriented vector inputs as M-by-1 column vectors.
Entire input
— The output I at each sample time is a 1-by-3 vector that contains the location of the maximum value in the M-by-N-by-P input matrix. For an input that is an M-by-N matrix, the output is a 1-by-2 vector.Specified dimension
— The output I at each sample time depends on Dimension. If Dimension is set to 1, the output is the same as when you selectEach column
. If Dimension is set to 2, the output is the same as when you selectEach row
. If Dimension is set to 3, the output at each sample time is an M-by-N matrix containing the indices of the maximum values of each vector over the third dimension of the input.
When a maximum value occurs more than once, the computed index corresponds to the first occurrence. For example, when the input is the column vector
[3 2 1 2 3]'
, the computed one-based index of the maximum value is1
, rather than5
whenEach column
is selected.Value and Index
— The block outputs the maximum value in each row or column of the input, along vectors of a specified dimension of the input, or of the entire input, and the corresponding index array I.Running
— The block tracks the maximum value of each channel in a time sequence of M-by-N inputs. In this mode, you must also specify the Input processing parameter as one of the following:Elements as channels (sample based)
— The block treats each element of the input as a separate channel. For a three-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N-by-P, the block outputs an M-by-N-by-P array. Each yijk element of the output contains the maximum value observed in element uijk for all inputs since the last reset.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum yijk in the current frame is reset to the element uijk.
Columns as channels (frame based)
— The block treats each column of the input as a separate channel. This option does not support an N-dimensional input signal, where N > 2. For a two-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N, the block outputs an M-by-N matrix. Each element yij of the output contains the maximum value observed in the jth column of all inputs since the last reset, up to and including element uij of the current input.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum for each channel becomes the maximum value of all the samples in the current input frame, up to and including the current input sample.
The block resets the running maximum whenever a reset event is detected at the optional Rst port. The reset sample time must be a positive integer multiple of the input sample time.
Running Mode for Variable-Size Inputs
When the input is a variable-size signal, and you set the Mode to
Running
, then:If you set the Input processing parameter to
Elements as channels (sample based)
, the state is reset.If you set the Input processing parameter to
Columns as channels (frame based)
, then:When the input size difference is in the number of channels (columns), the state is reset.
When the input size difference is in the length of channels (rows), there is no reset and the running operation is carried out as usual.
Index base — Base of the maximum value index
One
(default) | Zero
Specify whether the index of the maximum value is reported using one-based or zero-based numbering.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Mode to either
Index
or Value and
Index
.
Find the maximum value over — Dimension over which the block computes the maximum value
Each column
(default) | Each row
| Entire input
| Specified dimension
Each column
— The block outputs the maximum value over each column.Each row
— The block outputs the maximum value over each row.Entire input
— The block outputs the maximum value over the entire input.Specified dimension
— The block outputs the maximum value over the dimension, specified in the Dimension parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Mode to
Value and Index
,
Value
, or
Index
.
Dimension — Custom dimension
1
(default) | scalar
Specify the dimension (one-based value) of the input signal over which the block computes the maximum. The value of this parameter must be greater than 0 and less than the number of dimensions in the input signal.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Find the maximum value
over to Specified
dimension
.
Input processing — Method to process the input in running mode
Columns as channels (frame
based)
(default) | Elements as channels (sample
based)
Columns as channels (frame based)
— The block treats each column of the input as a separate channel. This option does not support an N-dimensional input signal, where N > 2. For a two-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N, the block outputs an M-by-N matrix. Each element yij of the output contains the maximum value observed in the jth column of all inputs since the last reset, up to and including element uij of the current input.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum for each channel becomes the maximum value of all the samples in the current input frame, up to and including the current input sample.
Elements as channels (sample based)
— The block treats each element of the input as a separate channel. For a three-dimensional input signal of size M-by-N-by-P, the block outputs an M-by-N-by-P array. Each yijk element of the output contains the maximum value observed in element uijk for all inputs since the last reset.When a reset event occurs, the running maximum yijk in the current frame is reset to the element uijk.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Mode to
Running
.
Reset port — Reset event
None
(default) | Rising edge
| Falling edge
| Either edge
| Non-zero sample
The block resets the running maximum whenever a reset event is detected at the optional Rst port. The reset sample time must be a positive integer, which is a multiple of the input sample time.
None
— Disables the Rst port.Rising edge
— Triggers a reset operation when the Rst input does one of the following:Rises from a negative value to a positive value or zero.
Rises from zero to a positive value, where the rise is not a continuation of a rise from a negative value to zero.
Falling edge
— Triggers a reset operation when the Rst input does one of the following:Falls from a positive value to a negative value or zero.
Falls from zero to a negative value, where the fall is not a continuation of a fall from a positive value to zero.
Either edge
— Triggers a reset operation when the Rst input is aRising edge
orFalling edge
.Non-zero sample
— Triggers a reset operation at each sample time that the Rst input is not zero.Note
When running simulations in the Simulink
MultiTasking
mode, reset signals have a one-sample latency. Therefore, when the block detects a reset event, there is a one-sample delay at the reset port rate before the block applies the reset. For more information on latency and the Simulink tasking modes, see Excess Algorithmic Delay (Tasking Latency) and Time-Based Scheduling and Code Generation (Simulink Coder).
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Mode to
Running
.
Data Types Tab
Note
To use these parameters, the data input must be complex and fixed-point. The sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts of such an input are formed before a comparison is made, as described under the 'Mode' parameter in Main Tab. The results of the squares of the real and imaginary parts are placed into the product output data type. The result of the sum of the squares is placed into the accumulator data type. These parameters are ignored for other types of inputs.
Rounding mode — Method of rounding operation
Floor
(default) | Ceiling
| Convergent
| Nearest
| Round
| Simplest
| Zero
Specify the rounding mode for fixed-point operations as one of the following:
Floor
Ceiling
Convergent
Nearest
Round
Simplest
Zero
For more details, see rounding mode.
Saturate on integer overflow — Method of overflow action
off (default) | on
When you select this parameter, the block saturates the result of its
fixed-point operation. When you clear this parameter, the block wraps
the result of its fixed-point operation. For details on
saturate
and wrap
, see overflow
mode for fixed-point operations.
Product output — Product output data type
Inherit: Same as
input
(default) | fixdt([],16,0)
Product output specifies the data type of the output of a product operation in the Maximum block. For more information on the product output data type, see Multiplication Data Types.
Inherit: Same as input
— The block specifies the product output data type to be the same as the input data type.fixdt([],16,0)
— The block specifies an autosigned, binary-point, scaled, fixed-point data type with a word length of 16 bits and a fraction length of 0.
Alternatively, you can set the Product output data type by using the Data Type Assistant. To use the assistant, click the Show data type assistant button.
For more information on the data type assistant, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).
Accumulator — Accumulator data type
Inherit: Same as product
output
(default) | Inherit: Same as input
| fixdt([],16,0)
Accumulator specifies the data type of the output of an accumulation operation in the Maximum block.
Inherit: Same as product output
— The block specifies the accumulator data type to be the same as the product output data type.Inherit: Same as input
— The block specifies the accumulator data type to be the same as the input data type.fixdt([],16,0)
— The block specifies an autosigned, binary-point, scaled, fixed-point data type with a word length of 16 bits and a fraction length of 0.
Alternatively, you can set the Accumulator data type by using the Data Type Assistant. To use the assistant, click the Show data type assistant button.
For more information on the data type assistant, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).
Lock data type settings against changes by the fixed-point tools — Prevent fixed-point tools from overriding data types
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the data types you specify in the block dialog box.
Block Characteristics
Data Types |
|
Direct Feedthrough |
|
Multidimensional Signals |
|
Variable-Size Signals |
|
Zero-Crossing Detection |
|
Algorithms
Maximum
When you set Mode to one of Value
,
Index
, or Value and Index
,
and specify a dimension, the block produces results identical to the MATLAB®
max
function, when it is called as [y,I] =
max(u,[],D)
.
u
is the data input.D
is the dimension.y
is the maximum value.I
is the index of the maximum value.
The maximum value along the entire input is identical to calling the
max
function as [y,I] =
max(u(:))
.
Running Maximum
When you set Mode to Running
, and
Input processing to Columns as channels (frame
based)
, the block treats each column of the input as a separate
channel. In this example, the block processes a two-channel signal with a frame size
of three under these settings.
The block outputs the maximum value over each channel since the last reset. At t = 2, the reset event occurs. The maximum value in the second column changes to 6, even though 6 is less than 9, which was the maximum value since the previous reset event.
When you set Mode to Running
, and
Input processing to Elements as channels
(sample based)
, the block treats each element of the input as a
separate channel. In this example, the block processes a two-channel signal with a
frame size of three under these settings.
Each yij element of the output contains the maximum value observed in element uij for all inputs since the last reset. The reset event occurs at t = 2. When a reset event occurs, the running maximum, yij, in the current frame is reset to element uij.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
HDL Code Generation
Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.
HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.
For HDL code generation, the In port must be a vector. In that case, the output Val and Idx ports are scalar.
This block has multi-cycle implementations that introduce additional latency in the generated code. To see the added latency, view the generated model or validation model. See Generated Model and Validation Model (HDL Coder).
Architecture | Additional cycles of latency | Description |
---|---|---|
default Tree | 0 | Generates a tree structure of comparators. |
ConstrainedOutputPipeline | Number of registers to place at
the outputs by moving existing delays within your design. Distributed
pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is
|
InputPipeline | Number of input pipeline stages
to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained
output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
OutputPipeline | Number of output pipeline stages
to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained
output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
InstantiateStages | Generate a VHDL® |
SerialPartition | Specify partitions for Cascade-serial implementations as a vector of the lengths of each partition. The default setting uses the minimum number of stages. See also SerialPartition (HDL Coder). |
Version History
Introduced before R2006a
See Also
Functions
Objects
Blocks
MATLAB Command
You clicked a link that corresponds to this MATLAB command:
Run the command by entering it in the MATLAB Command Window. Web browsers do not support MATLAB commands.
Select a Web Site
Choose a web site to get translated content where available and see local events and offers. Based on your location, we recommend that you select: United States.
You can also select a web site from the following list
How to Get Best Site Performance
Select the China site (in Chinese or English) for best site performance. Other MathWorks country sites are not optimized for visits from your location.
Americas
- América Latina (Español)
- Canada (English)
- United States (English)
Europe
- Belgium (English)
- Denmark (English)
- Deutschland (Deutsch)
- España (Español)
- Finland (English)
- France (Français)
- Ireland (English)
- Italia (Italiano)
- Luxembourg (English)
- Netherlands (English)
- Norway (English)
- Österreich (Deutsch)
- Portugal (English)
- Sweden (English)
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom (English)
Asia Pacific
- Australia (English)
- India (English)
- New Zealand (English)
- 中国
- 日本Japanese (日本語)
- 한국Korean (한국어)