What is the difference between ( ) and [ ] format in matlab? how can i change the one format to another one?

Dear Sir/MAdam,

What is the difference between ( ) and [ ] format in matlab? how can i change the one format to another one?

            [rangr]=split(rangr(x,:),gsize1);
            [rangg]=split(rangg(x,:),gsize1);
            [rangb]=split(rangb(x,:),gsize1); this is function

I want get the result format for only this ( ) format, not this [] format.. so how can i convert it.. please any one help to me.

Edit [11 Sep 2012, 12:04 BST - OK] Merged from duplicate

Dear Sir/MAdam, Please read out my following codes . I got a rang, meanran and varran values for ( ) this format. But I got the result for rang ,meansrang,varsrang values for [ ] format. THis method is correct or not..?

for i1=1:gsize:nr

    for j1=1:gsize:nc

        l=1;

        for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)

            for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)

               rang1(k,l)=c(x,y); 
l=l+1;    

            end   

        end 

        dr=double(rang1(k,:));

        meanran(k)=mean(dr);

        varran(k,:)=var(dr);

        k=k+1;

    end
end
###################################

[rang]=qtsplit(rang1(i1,:),gsize1);

 for x=1:1:4

 dr=double(rang(x,:));

 meansrang(x)=mean(dr(1,:)); 

 varsran(x)=var(dr(1,:));

So I got the Result in different formate and Error image also. how can i rectify that formate?

(rang2)=[rang] possible or not? how can i change the type[] to ( ). Any one pleas help to my question.

Thank you.

[Walter Roberson]

Opps -- Oleg, your merge happened to delete the Answer I gave to the duplicate!

[PRIYANGA]

Sir ANswer please?

[Oleg Komarov]

Really sorry Walter.

When I opened it there was no answer and I usually refresh before doing such operations and I forgot this time.

I will ask TMW to retrieve your answer.

[Walter Roberson]

Thanks, but don't bother Oleg. I don't think they can retrieve deleted messages anyhow, and it was probably too new to have been backed up.

[Oleg Komarov]

I sent an email, we'll see. I recall that in one of the updates to ANSWERS they said they don't delete posts from the DB but flag them.

Answer 1

[Andreas Goser]

If SPLIT is a function, then () is needed. This is the syntax function(parameter1, parameter2).

[] concatenates. Simply try

[1, 2, 3]

in the command window and you will see.

From this question, I do not see a format that can be changed. () and [] are used for different purposes.

[PRIYANGA]

ok sir thank you, But above my coding I got the result for both [] and (). but the men image of that () result is ok. But the mean image of [] that result is too bad. So how can I change the format of [] to ().

Answer 2

[Walter Roberson]

You cannot use () to surround output variables in MATLAB; it just isn't allowed. You need to use [] instead. [] hints at building a list.

[variable] = function_call()  %allowed
(variable) = function_call()  %not allowed

In expressions, [] is used for building matrices.

[1 2; 3 4]  %builds a two by two array

In expressions, () is used for array subscripting, such as a(3), and is also used to control the order of operations, such as ((1+3)*2)

[PRIYANGA]

ok sir thank you, But above my coding I got the result for both [] and (). but the men image of that () result is ok. But the mean image of [] that result is too bad. So how can I change the format of [] to ().

[Walter Roberson]

Please show the two versions of the line that you have tried.

[PRIYANGA]

Dear Sir, My research is valuable work sir. I got error for this images sir. If correct that program sir. If you don't mind shall i send my code you mail ID sir.

[PRIYANGA]

tic;
% read the image
 im1=imread('D:\lena.jpg');
c = im2uint8(im1);

gsize=8;
nr=512;
nc=512;
% resize the image 
c=imresize(c,[nr,nr]);
%  figure(2);
% imshow(c);
nc=nr;  

R=c(:,:,1);

G=c(:,:,2);

B=c(:,:,3);

% split the image of the range size
k=1;

for i1=1:gsize:nr

      for j1=1:gsize:nc
          l=1;

          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)

              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)

                 rang1r(k,l)=R(x,y); 

                 rang1g(k,l)=G(x,y);

                 rang1b(k,l)=B(x,y);

                 l=l+1;         

              end            
          end 

          drr=double(rang1r(k,:));

          meanranr(k)=mean(drr);

          varranr(k,:)=var(drr);

          drg=double(rang1g(k,:));

          meanrang(k)=mean(drg);

          varrang(k,:)=var(drg);

          drb=double(rang1b(k,:));

          meanranb(k)=mean(drb);

          varranb(k,:)=var(drb);

          k=k+1;
      end
  end
  rang1=cat(3,rang1r,rang1g,rang1b);

meanran=cat(3,meanranr,meanrang,meanranb);

varran=cat(3,varranr,varrang,varranb);

[nrr1,ncr1]=size(rang1);

% to display the mean image
n=sqrt(nrr1);l=1;
for i1=1:1:n

      for j1=1:1:n

          meanimg1r(i1,j1)=meanranr(l);

          meanimg1g(i1,j1)=meanrang(l);

          meanimg1b(i1,j1)=meanranb(l);

          l=l+1;
      end
  end
  meanimg1=cat(3,meanimg1r,meanimg1g,meanimg1b);

meanimg = uint8(round(meanimg1-1));
% figure(3);
% imshow(meanimg);
% title('Mean Image of the training');% I got a correct mean image sir

% divide the mean image into blocks
km=1;
for i1=1:gsize:n

      for j1=1:gsize:n

          l=1;
          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)

              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)

                 mimageranr(km,l)=meanimg1r(x,y);

                 mimagerang(km,l)=meanimg1g(x,y);

                 mimageranb(km,l)=meanimg1b(x,y);
                 l=l+1;
             end
          end 
          km=km+1;
      end
  end

mimageran=cat(3,mimageranr,mimagerang,mimageranb);

gsize1=gsize/2;
km=1;
for i1=1:gsize1:n

      for j1=1:gsize1:n

          l=1;
          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize1-1)

              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize1-1)

                 mimageran1r(km,l)=meanimg1r(x,y);

                 mimageran1g(km,l)=meanimg1g(x,y);

                 mimageran1b(km,l)=meanimg1b(x,y);
                 l=l+1;

              end
          end
          km=km+1;
      end
  end

mimageran1=cat(3,mimageran1r,mimageran1g,mimageran1b);

llim=10;

if (gsize == 16)

      nvar = 7; nvar1 = 9;

elseif (gsize == 8)

      nvar = 11; nvar1 = 13;

elseif (gsize == 4)

      nvar = 15; nvar1 = 17;

else

      nvar = 19;

end
threshold=10;a=1;e=1;e1=1;b=1;w=1;w1=1;eno=0;

% compute the fractal code           
for i1=1:1:nrr1

      disp(i1);

      if (varran(i1) < threshold)

          % Code using mean value
          label(i1)=0;

          mgacoder(e)=[meanranr(i1)];

          mgacodeg(e)=[meanrang(i1)];

          mgacodeb(e)=[meanranb(i1)];

          e=e+1;
          mgacode=cat(3,mgacoder,mgacodeg,mgacodeb);
      else
          % code using genetic Algorithm
          label(i1)=1;
          [isomer alphr meanrr dom1r errr]=ga(rang1r(i1,:),mimageranr,nvar,20);

          [isomeg alphg meanrg dom1g errg]=ga(rang1g(i1,:),mimagerang,nvar,20);

          [isomeb alphb meanrb dom1b errb]=ga(rang1b(i1,:),mimageranb,nvar,20);

          err=(errr+errg+errb)/3;
          if (err < llim)
              label1(w)=0;
              gacoder(a,:) = [isomer alphr meanrr dom1r];

              gacodeg(a,:) = [isomeg alphg meanrg dom1g];

              gacodeb(a,:) = [isomeb alphb meanrb dom1b];
              a=a+1;
              gacode=cat(3,gacoder,gacodeg,gacodeb);
          else
              label1(w)=1;
              [rangr]=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);

              [rangg]=qtsplit(rang1g(i1,:),gsize1);

              [rangb]=qtsplit(rang1b(i1,:),gsize1);
              for x=1:1:4
                  drr=double(rangr(x,:));

                   meansrangr(x)=mean(drr(1,:)); 

                  varsranr(x)=var(drr(1,:));

                  drg=double(rangg(x,:));

                  meansrangg(x)=mean(drg(1,:)); 

                  varsrang(x)=var(drg(1,:));

                  drb=double(rangb(x,:));

                  meansrangb(x)=mean(drb(1,:)); 

                  varsranb(x)=var(drb(1,:));

                  rang=cat(3,rangr,rangg,rangb);

                  meansrang=cat(3,meansrangr,meansrangg,meansrangb);

                  varsran=cat(3,varsranr,varsrang,varsranb);

                  if (varsran(x) < threshold/2)
                      lab(w1)=0;
                      mgacode1r(e1)=[meansrangr(x)];

                      mgacode1g(e1)=[meansrangg(x)];

                      mgacode1b(e1)=[meansrangb(x)];
                      e1=e1+1;

                      mgacode1=cat(3,mgacode1r,mgacode1g,mgacode1b);
                  else
                      lab(w1)=1;

                      [isomeqr alphqr meanrqr dom2qr errqr] = ga(rangr(x,:),mimageran1r,nvar1,40);

                      [isomeqg alphqg meanrqg dom2qg errqg] = ga(rangg(x,:),mimageran1g,nvar1,40);

                      [isomeqb alphqb meanrqb dom2qb errqb] = ga(rangb(x,:),mimageran1b,nvar1,40);

                      errq=(errqr+errqg+errqb)/3;
                      if (errq > llim)
                          eno=eno+1;
                      end

                      gacode1r(b,:)=[isomeqr,alphqr,meanrqr,dom2qr];

                      gacode1g(b,:)=[isomeqg,alphqg,meanrqg,dom2qg];

                      gacode1b(b,:)=[isomeqb,alphqb,meanrqb,dom2qb];
                      b=b+1;
                      gacode1=cat(3,gacode1r,gacode1g,gacode1b);

                  end
                  w1=w1+1;
              end
          end
          w=w+1;
      end     
  end
  eno
  t=toc

%decoding
% compute the mean image and display
tic

w=1;q=1;q1=1;w1=1;w2=1;p=1;p1=1;

for n=1:1:sqrt(nrr1)

      for m=1:1:sqrt(nrr1)

          if (label(w)==0)

              dmimgr(n,m)=mgacoder(p);

              dmimgg(n,m)=mgacodeg(p);

              dmimgb(n,m)=mgacodeb(p);
              p=p+1;

              dmimg=cat(3,dmimgr,dmimgg,dmimgb);
          else 
              if (label1(w1)==0)
                  dmimgr(n,m)=gacoder(q,3);

                  dmimgg(n,m)=gacodeg(q,3);

                  dmimgb(n,m)=gacodeb(q,3);
                  q=q+1;
                  dmimg=cat(3,dmimgr,dmimgg,dmimgb);
              else

                  sumvq=0;sumvqr=0;sumvqg=0;sumvqb=0;

                  for i=1:4
                      if (lab(w2)==0)
                          sumvqr=sumvqr+mgacode1r(p1);

                          sumvqg=sumvqg+mgacode1g(p1);

                          sumvqb=sumvqb+mgacode1b(p1);
                          p1=p1+1;
                          sumvq=cat(3,sumvqr,sumvqg,sumvqb);
                      else
                          sumvqr=sumvqr+gacode1r(q1,3);

                          sumvqg=sumvqg+gacode1g(q1,3);

                          sumvqb=sumvqb+gacode1b(q1,3);
                          q1=q1+1;

                          sumvq=cat(3,sumvqr,sumvqg,sumvqb);
                      end
                      w2=w2+1;
                  end
                  dmimg=sumvq/4;
              end

              w1=w1+1;   

          end
          w=w+1;   

      end    
  end   

cimage = uint8(round(dmimg - 1));

figure(4);

imshow(cimage);

title('Decoded Mean iMage); % I got this decoded mean image is not proper

Sir I got some block dots in MEan Image. How can I correct that Image sir. Please kindly help me sir.

[PRIYANGA]

Any one please correct that code

[Walter Roberson]

When you say "block dots", do you mean "black dots" ?

Which line are you having the difficulty with () compared to [] ? And what are the two versions of the line that you have tried, and what is the difference in results for the two versions ?

[PRIYANGA]

The first one is Normal mean image calculation. And another one is we have to calculate the fractal value using GA algorithm then, we have to calculate the Decoded Mean image using that fractal values. First I have to calculate the Normal Mean image. No Errors all blocks are calculated. But the dmimg have to calculate the partial value. So many placed 0(zero) values accure. Whenever I have to Run this Program I have get the Different values in Mgacode1 and Gacode1 for each time. So i get the so many zero values for the dmimg so. The Docoded mean image is not get proper. The combined block values are display the black color of mean image.

[Walter Roberson]

Please write out the code line difference, one showing [] and the other showing () . I am still trying to solve your original question.

[Walter Roberson]

In the syntax

[rangr]=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);

you can leave out the [] and the result will be exactly the same:

rangr=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);

It appears to me that your difficulty has nothing to do with () compared to [].

Code of the form

variable(index) = expression;

sets the index'th element of "variable" to contain the value of the expression.

Code of the form

[variable] = expression;

is exactly the same as

variable = expression;

and replaces "variable" entirely, so that afterwards "variable" has only the value of the expression.

There is also code of the form

[variable1, variable2] = expression;

In that case, "expression" would normally be a function call that returns multiple outputs, with the first output being assigned to "variable1" and the second assigned to "variable2". (There are also some cases where the expression might involve cell arrays or structures instead of a function call.)

I am not familiar with the algorithms involved in your code, and it appears that for me to understand and debug it would be more work than I would be willing to do as a volunteer.

[PRIYANGA]

Good Morning Sir,

I have to change my code in some places, no error but i got Error image.

Ok sir I will try for correct it. Thank you for your help. If u identify that error, Please update your answer sir. Thank you