How to numerically solve system of equations and differential equations simultaneously?
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Hi all,
I have 3 variables A, B, C, where A and B can be solved by system of equations. For example,
A + B = C + 6
A - B = 2*C
While C should be solved by differential equation,
diff(C,t) == 6*A
This is just a simple example, actually my equations are very complicated. I have tried:
- Using "solve". I think the equations are so complicated that the empty solutions appear. So I tend to find the numerical solution.
- Using "fsolve". The problem is that there is an undefined variable C. Because of the error "FSOLVE requires all values returned by functions to be of data type double.", I can't use symbolic.
- Using "vpasolve". There are similar problems with "fsolve". The error is "Symbolic parameters not supported in nonpolynomial equations.".
Are there other methods I should try? Thank you for any advice.
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Accepted Answer
Askic V
on 19 Apr 2023
Edited: Askic V
on 19 Apr 2023
Does this make sense to you (in your simple example)?
syms A B C(t)
eqn1 = diff(C,t) == 6*A;
C_sol = dsolve(eqn1)
eqn2 = A + B == C_sol + 6;
eqn3 = A - B == 2*C_sol;
[A,B] = equationsToMatrix([eqn2, eqn3], [A, B]);
X = linsolve(A,B)
3 Comments
Askic V
on 19 Apr 2023
It indeed shows no error, but if this is applicable to your complicated example, (since you stated you want numerical approach)?
More Answers (2)
Sam Chak
on 19 Apr 2023
Hi @I CHUN LIN
It seems that simple Substitution-and-Elimination method produces the solution
![](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/uploaded_files/1360603/image.png)
Thus, the linear ODE becomes
![](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/uploaded_files/1360608/image.png)
which indicates that it is possible to find an explicit solution of the differential equation analytically.
syms C(t)
eqn = diff(C, t) == 9*(C + 2);
S = dsolve(eqn)
Torsten
on 19 Apr 2023
Edited: Torsten
on 19 Apr 2023
MATLAB's ode solvers allow a mixture of differential and algebraic equations as in your case.
These systems are called differential-algebraic equations. For an example, see
Solve Robertson Problem as Semi-Explicit Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs)
under
Or as a solution for your simple example:
M = [0 0 0;0 0 0; 0 0 1];
tspan = [0 1];
fun = @(t,y) [y(1)+y(2)-y(3)-6;y(1)-y(2)-2*y(3);6*y(1)];
options = odeset('Mass',M,'MStateDependence','none','MassSingular','yes','RelTol',1e-7,'AbsTol',1e-7);
% Starting values for A and B are taken arbitrary ;
% They will be adjusted according to the algebraic equations 1 and 2 by
% ode15s to y0(1) = 4.5 and y0(2) = 2.5 (see below)
y0=[0 0 1];
[T,Y] = ode15s(fun,tspan,y0,options);
plot(T,Y)
Y(1,1)
Y(1,2)
Y(1,3)
grid on
4 Comments
Torsten
on 21 Apr 2023
Edited: Torsten
on 21 Apr 2023
I stick to your program structure of first solving the algebraic equations and inserting the result into the differential equations.
This won't usually work if the algebraic equations are difficult.
You should try my method from above for more complicated systems (i.e. solving algebraic and differential equations all together using ode15s).
syms x1 x2 x3
a = 1;
b = 2;
c = 3;
d = 4;
Eq1 = (a+1i*b)*x1 + 1i/2*x2*c - 1i/2*conj(x2)*d == 0;
Eq2 = (-a+1i*c)*x1 + 1i/2*d*x2 + 1i/2*b*x3 + a*conj(x3) == 0;
Solution = solve([Eq1, Eq2], [x1 x2]);
x1 = matlabFunction(Solution.x1);
x2 = matlabFunction(Solution.x2);
options = odeset('RelTol',1e-10,'AbsTol',1e-10);
fun = @(x,t) 1i*c*x1(x(1));
tspan = [0:0.05: 1];
y0 = 1;
[T,X3] = ode15s(fun,tspan,y0,options);
figure(1)
plot(T,[real(X3),imag(X3),abs(X3)])
figure(2)
plot(T,[real(x1(X3)),imag(x1(X3)),abs(x1(X3))])
figure(3)
plot(T,[real(x2(X3)),imag(x2(X3)),abs(x2(X3))])
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