SM ST7C

Discrete-time or continuous-time synchronous machine ST7C static excitation system with automatic voltage regulator

Since R2023a

Libraries:
Simscape / Electrical / Control / SM Control

Description

The SM ST7C block implements a synchronous-machine-type ST7C static excitation system model in conformance with IEEE Std 421.5-2016 [1].

Use this block to model the control and regulation of the field voltage of a synchronous machine.

Switch between continuous and discrete implementations of the block by using the Sample time (-1 for inherited) parameter. To configure the integrator for continuous time, set the Sample time (-1 for inherited) parameter to 0. To configure the integrator for discrete time, set the Sample time (-1 for inherited) parameter to a positive scalar. To inherit the sample time from an upstream block, set the Sample time (-1 for inherited) parameter to -1.

The SM ST7C block comprises three major components:

The Current Compensator component modifies the measured terminal voltage as a function of the terminal current.
The Voltage Measurement Transducer component simulates the dynamics of a terminal voltage transducer using a low-pass filter.
The Excitation Control Elements component compares the voltage transducer output with a terminal voltage reference to produce a voltage error value. The component then passes this value through a voltage regulator to produce the field voltage.

This diagram shows the structure of the ST7C excitation system model:

In the diagram:

V_T and I_T are the measured terminal voltage and current of the synchronous machine, respectively.
V_C1 is the current-compensated terminal voltage.
V_C is the filtered, current-compensated terminal voltage.
V_REF is the reference terminal voltage.
V_S is the power system stabilizer voltage.
E_FD is the field voltage.

Current Compensator and Voltage Measurement Transducer

The block models the current compensator by using this equation:

$V_{C 1} = V_{T} + I_{T} \sqrt{R_{C}^{2} + X_{C}^{2}},$

where:

R_C is the load compensation resistance.
X_C is the load compensation reactance.

The block implements the voltage measurement transducer as a Low-Pass Filter block with the time constant T_R. Refer to the documentation for the Low-Pass Filter block for information about the exact discrete and continuous implementations.

Excitation Control Elements

This diagram shows the structure of the excitation control elements:

In the diagram:

The Summation Point Logic subsystem models the summation point input location for the overexcitation limiter (OEL), underexcitation limiter (UEL), and stator current limiter (SCL) voltages. For more information about using limiters with this block, see Field Current Limiters.
There are two Take-over Logic subsystems. The subsystems model the take-over point input location for the OEL, UEL and SCL voltages. For more information about using limiters with this block, see Field Current Limiters.
A Lead-Lag block in series introduces a derivative function and transforms the regulator in a PID. This is typically used only with brushless excitation systems.
K_L and K_H model a high-bandwidth regulator inner loop that regulates the generator exciting current.

Field Current Limiters

You can use different types of field current limiter to modify the output of the voltage regulator under unsafe operating conditions:

Use an overexcitation limiter to prevent overheating of the field winding due to excessive field current demand.
Use an underexcitation limiter to boost field excitation when it is too low, which risks desynchronization.
Use a stator current limiter to prevent overheating of the stator windings due to excessive current.

Attach the output of any of these limiters at one of these points:

Summation point — Use the limiter as part of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) feedback loop.
Take-over point — Override the usual behavior of the AVR.

If you are using the stator current limiter at the summation point, use the input V_SCLsum. If you are using the stator current limiter at the take-over point, use the overexcitation input V_SCLoel, and the underexcitation input V_SCLuel.

Ports