Hit Crossing

Detect crossing point

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Libraries:
Simulink / Discontinuities
Simulink / Messages & Events
HDL Coder / Discontinuities
SimEvents

Description

The Hit Crossing block detects when the input reaches the Hit crossing offset parameter value in the direction specified by the Hit crossing direction property.

You can configure the block to output a 1 or 0 signal, a message, or a function-call event. See Output for more information.

Examples

Building a Clutch Lock-Up Model

Use Simulink® to model and simulate a rotating clutch system. Although modeling a clutch system is difficult because of topological changes in the system dynamics during lockup, this example shows how enabled subsystem can easily handle such problems. We illustrate how to employ important Simulink modeling concepts in the creation of the clutch simulation. Designers can apply these concepts to many models with strong discontinuities and constraints that may change dynamically.

Open Model

Friction Model with Hard Stops

Model friction one way in Simulink®. The two integrators in the model calculate the velocity and position of the system, which is then used in the Friction Model to calculate the friction force.

Open Model

Ports

Input

Port_1 — Input signal

scalar | vector

Input signal that the block detects when it reaches the offset in the specified direction.

Data Types: double

Output

Port_1 — Output signal

scalar | vector | message | function-call event

Output indicating if the input signal crossed the hit offset. This port is visible only when you select the Show output port parameter check box.

Signal Output

If you select the Show output port check box and set the Output type parameter to Signal, the block output indicates when the crossing occurs.

• If the input signal is exactly the value of the offset value after the hit crossing is detected in the specified direction, the block continues to output a value of 1.

• If the input signals at two adjacent points brackets the offset value, the block outputs a value of 1 at the second time step.

• If the Show output port check box is not selected, the block ensures that the simulation finds the crossing point but does not generate output.

• If the initial signal is equal to the offset value, the block outputs 1 only if the Hit crossing direction property is set to either.

• If Boolean logic signals are enabled, then the output is a Boolean.

Message Output

The Hit Crossing block can also output a message when the Output type parameter is set to Message.

• If the input signal crosses the offset value in the specified direction, the block outputs a message.

• If the input signal reaches the offset value in the specified direction and remains there, block outputs one message at the hit time and one message when the signal leaves the offset value.

• If the initial input signal is equal to the offset value, the block outputs a message with Crossing Type value None only if the Hit crossing direction is set to either.

The message output signal is a struct with four fields.

Note

If the message output signal crosses model reference boundaries or is used as an input to a Stateflow^® chart, you need to create a bus object for the message. See Tips.

Function-Call Output

The Hit Crossing block can also output a function-call event when the Output type parameter is set to Function-Call.

• Each time the input signal crosses the offset value in the specified direction, the block outputs a single function-call event.

• The function-call event can be sent to the function-call input port of a function-call subsystem or function-call model.

• The output is equivalent to the output of a Function-Call Generator block at each time step with the Number of iterations parameter of that block set to 1.

CrossingType — Direction of zero-crossing

None | NegativeToPositive | NegativeToZero | ZeroToPositive | PositiveToNegative | PositiveToZero | ZeroToNegative

This field shows the direction in which the signal crosses the Hit crossing offset value. Negative, Zero, and Positive are defined relative to the offset value. The data type is slHitCrossingType which is an enumerated data type. See Use Enumerated Data in Simulink Models for more information. For example, if HitCrossingOffset is set to 2, a rising signal crossing this offset value would be recorded as a NegativeToPositive hit crossing.

Note

A hit crossing is recorded based on the Hit crossing direction setting. In other words, if you set Hit crossing direction to detect a falling hit crossing, a NegativeToPositive hit is not recorded.

Note

In a SimEvents^® block, if the Crossing Type of an entity is a NegativeToPositive hitcrossing then entity.CrossingType == slHitCrossingType.NegativeToPositive returns logical 1 (true).

If the signal reaches the HitCrossingOffset value and holds it, a single NegativeToZero or PositiveToZero, depending on the direction, hit is registered at the time of the hit crossing.

Data Types: slHitCrossingType

Index — Index of the input signal at which the hit crossing event occurs

nonnegative integer

For n signals being passed to the Hit Crossing block, this field denotes which signal had a hit crossing event. For a matrix input, this field follows MATLAB^® linear indexing. See Array Indexing.

Data Types: uint32

Time — Time of hit crossing event

real, finite

Time T of the hit crossing event.

Data Types: double

Offset — Hit crossing value for detection

0 (default) | real values

Hit crossing offset value as specified by the Hit crossing offset parameter.

Data Types: double

Data Types: double | Boolean | struct

Parameters

Hit crossing offset — Hit crossing value for detection

0 (default) | real values

Specify the value the block detects when the input crosses in the direction specified by Hit crossing direction.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: HitCrossingOffset

Type: character vector

Values: real values

Default: '0'

Hit crossing direction — Input signal direction to hit crossing

either (default) | falling | rising

Direction from which the input signal approaches the hit crossing offset for a crossing to be detected.

When set to either, the block serves as an almost equal block, useful in working around limitations in finite mathematics and computer precision. Used for these reasons, this block might be more convenient than adding logic to your model to detect this condition.

When the Hit crossing direction property is set to either and the model uses a fixed-step solver, the block has the following behavior. If the output signal is 1, the block sets the output signal to 0 at the next time step, unless the input signal equals the offset value.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: HitCrossingDirection

Type: character vector

Values: 'either' | 'rising' |'falling'

Default: 'either'

Show output port — Display an output port

off (default) | on

If selected, create an output port on the block icon.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: ShowOutputPort

Type: character vector

Values: 'off' | 'on'

Default: 'on'

Output type — Choose signal, message, or function-call output

Signal (default for Simulink^®) | Message (default for SimEvents) | Function-Call

When Output type is set to Signal, the output signal is set to one whenever the input signal crosses the Hit crossing offset value in the Hit crossing direction and is zero at other times.

When the Output type is set to Message, the output signal becomes a message.

When Output type is set to Function-Call, the output signal becomes a function-call event.

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter: HitCrossingOutputType

Type: character vector

Values: 'Signal' | 'Message' | 'Function-Call'

Default: 'Signal'

Enable zero-crossing detection — Enable zero-crossing detection

on (default) | off

Select to enable zero-crossing detection. For more information, see Zero-Crossing Detection.

Programmatic Use

Parameter: ZeroCross

Type: character vector, string

Values: 'on' | 'off'

Default: 'on'

Block Characteristics

Data Types	double
Direct Feedthrough	yes
Multidimensional Signals	no
Variable-Size Signals	no
Zero-Crossing Detection	yes

Tips

If the Hit Crossing block is configured to output a message and the output signal:

• Crosses into or out of a referenced model

• Is fed to the input of a Stateflow chart

then you need to create a bus object for the message signal. In the MATLAB Command Window, run Simulink.createHitCrossMessage to check for and, if needed, create a hit crossing message bus object in the base workspace.

Set the data type of the corresponding port to Bus: HitCrossMessage.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Not recommended for production code.

Does not support non-floating data type for ert targets.

HDL Code Generation

Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.

HDL Architecture

This block has one default HDL architecture.

HDL Block Properties

ConstrainedOutputPipeline	Number of registers to place at the outputs by moving existing delays within your design. Distributed pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see ConstrainedOutputPipeline (HDL Coder).
InputPipeline	Number of input pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see InputPipeline (HDL Coder).
OutputPipeline	Number of output pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see OutputPipeline (HDL Coder).

Restriction

The Hit crossing direction must be rising or falling.

HDL code generation is not supported when the Output Type is set to Message.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a