# DCT

Discrete cosine transform (DCT) of input

Libraries:
DSP System Toolbox / Transforms

## Description

The DCT block computes the unitary discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the input signal u. When the input is an M-by-N matrix, the block computes the DCT of each channel in the matrix.

Here is the equivalent MATLAB® code.

`y = dct(u) `

This block supports Simulink® virtual buses.

## Ports

### Input

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Specify the input signal as a vector, matrix, or an N-D array.

For all N-D input arrays, the block computes the DCT across the first dimension. The size of the first dimension (frame size) must be a power of two. To work with other frame sizes, use the Pad block to pad or truncate the frame size to a power-of-two length.

When the input to the DCT block is an M-by-N matrix, the block treats each input column as an independent channel containing M consecutive samples.

Data Types: `single` | `double` | `int8` | `int16` | `int32` | `int64` | `uint8` | `uint16` | `uint32` | `uint64` | `fixed point` | `bus`
Complex Number Support: Yes

### Output

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The block outputs the DCT of the input signal as a vector, matrix, or an N-D array.

When the block outputs an M-by-N matrix, the lth column of the matrix contains the length-M DCT of the corresponding input column.

`$y\left(k,l\right)=w\left(k\right)\sum _{m=1}^{M}u\left(m,l\right)\mathrm{cos}\frac{\pi \left(2m-1\right)\left(k-1\right)}{2M},\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}k=1,...,M$`

where

`$w\left(k\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{\sqrt{M}},\\ \sqrt{\frac{2}{M}},\end{array}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}k=1\\ \end{array}\\ 2\le k\le M\end{array}$`

When the input is fixed-point (signed and unsigned), the output is signed fixed-point.

Data Types: `single` | `double` | `int8` | `int16` | `int32` | `fixed point` | `bus`
Complex Number Support: Yes

## Parameters

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### Main Tab

Set the block to compute sines and cosines by either looking up sine and cosine values in a speed-optimized table (`Table lookup`), or by making sine and cosine function calls (```Trigonometric fcn```).

To compute sines and cosines, set the parameter to one of these values:

• `Table lookup` –– The block computes and stores the trigonometric values before the simulation starts, and retrieves them during the simulation. When you generate code from the block, the processor running the generated code stores the trigonometric values computed by the block in a speed-optimized table, and retrieves the values during code execution.

The block runs much more quickly, but requires extra memory for storing the precomputed trigonometric values.

• `Trigonometric fcn` –– The block computes sine and cosine values during the simulation. When you generate code from the block, the processor running the generated code computes the sine and cosine values while the code runs.

The block runs more slowly, but does not need extra data memory. For code generation, the block requires a support library to emulate the trigonometric functions, increasing the size of the generated code.

### Data Types Tab

Select the rounding mode for fixed-point operations. The sine table values do not obey this parameter; they always round to `Nearest`.

When you select this parameter, the block saturates the result of its fixed-point operation. When you clear this parameter, the block wraps the result of its fixed-point operation. For details on `saturate` and `wrap`, see overflow mode for fixed-point operations.

Note

The Rounding mode and Saturate on integer overflow parameters have no effect on numeric results when these conditions are met:

• Product output data type is ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```.

• Accumulator data type is ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```.

With these data type settings, the block operates in full-precision mode.

Choose how you specify the word length of the values of the sine table. The fraction length of the sine table values always equals the word length minus one. You can set this parameter to:

• A rule that inherits a data type, for example, ```Inherit: Same word length as input```

• An expression that evaluates to a valid data type, for example, `fixdt(1,16)`

The sine table values do not obey the Rounding mode and Saturate on integer overflow parameters. The block always saturates and rounds off the sine table values to `Nearest`.

Specify the product output data type. See Fixed-Point Data Types and Multiplication Data Types for illustrations depicting the use of the product output data type in this block. You can set this parameter to:

• A rule that inherits a data type, for example, ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```. For more information on this rule, see Inherit via Internal Rule.

• An expression that evaluates to a valid data type, for example, `fixdt(1,16,0)`

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the Product output data type parameter.

See Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink) for more information.

Specify the accumulator data type. See Fixed-Point Data Types for illustrations depicting the use of the accumulator data type in this block. You can set this parameter to:

• A rule that inherits a data type, for example, ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```. For more information on this rule, see Inherit via Internal Rule.

• An expression that evaluates to a valid data type, for example, `fixdt(1,16,0)`

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the Accumulator parameter.

See Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink) for more information.

Specify the output data type. See Fixed-Point Data Types for illustrations depicting the use of the output data type in this block. You can set this parameter to:

• A rule that inherits a data type, for example, ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```.

When you select ```Inherit: Inherit via internal rule```, the block calculates the output word length and fraction length automatically. The internal rule first calculates an ideal output word length and fraction length using the following equations:

`$W{L}_{idealoutput}=W{L}_{input}+floor\left({\mathrm{log}}_{2}\left(DCTlength-1\right)\right)+1$`
`$F{L}_{idealoutput}=F{L}_{input}$`

Using these ideal results, the internal rule then selects word lengths and fraction lengths that are appropriate for your hardware. For more information on this rule, see Inherit via Internal Rule.

• An expression that evaluates to a valid data type, for example, `fixdt(1,16,0)`

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the Output parameter.

See Control Data Types of Signals (Simulink) for more information.

Specify the minimum value that the block should output. The default value is `[]` (unspecified). Simulink software uses this value to perform:

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink))

• Automatic scaling of fixed-point data types

Specify the maximum value that the block should output. The default value is `[]` (unspecified). Simulink software uses this value to perform:

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges (Simulink))

• Automatic scaling of fixed-point data types

Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the data types you specify in the block dialog box.

## Block Characteristics

 Data Types `double` | `fixed point` | `integer` | `single` Direct Feedthrough `no` Multidimensional Signals `yes` Variable-Size Signals `no` Zero-Crossing Detection `no`

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## Version History

Introduced before R2006a