winner2.AntennaArray
Create antenna array for WINNER II channel model
Description
Download Required: To use winner2.AntennaArray, first download the WINNER II Channel Model for Communications Toolbox add-on.
returns a structure
representing an antenna array with one isotropic antenna element. The antenna array
and the single element have no rotation and are located at the origin, [0;0;0]. antArray
= winner2.AntennaArray
antArray = winner2.AntennaArray(
returns
a structure representing an antenna array defined using one or more Name,Value
)Name,Value
pair
arguments.
For more information, see Antenna Array Model.
Examples
Create WINNER II Eight Element Uniform Circular Array
Use the winner2.AntennaArray
function to create an eight element uniform circular array (UCA-8) with a 1 cm radius.
UCA8 = winner2.AntennaArray('UCA',8,0.01);
Plot element positions.
pos = {UCA8.Element(:).Pos}; plot(cellfun(@(x) x(1),pos),cellfun(@(x) x(2),pos),'+'); xlim([-0.02 0.02]); ylim([-0.02 0.02]); title('UCA-8 Element Positions');
Create WINNER II Two Element Uniform Linear Array
Use the winner2.AntennaArray
function to create a two element uniform linear array (ULA-2) with 50 cm spacing and the dipole elements slanted at +45 and -45 degrees.
az = -180:179; % 1-degree spacing pattern = cat(1,shiftdim(winner2.dipole(az,45),-1), ... shiftdim(winner2.dipole(az,-45),-1)); ULA2 = winner2.AntennaArray('ULA',2,0.5, ... 'FP-ECS',pattern,'Azimuth',az);
Input Arguments
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Example: Pos=[1 0 0; 0 1 0],'Rot',[0 0 0; 0 pi() 0]
indicates the
coordinates and rotation angles for two antenna elements.
Pos
— Position of each antenna element
0
(default) | matrix
Position of each antenna element, specified as an
NE-by-3 matrix. The three
columns represent the x-, y-, and z-coordinates in meters from the
origin. NE indicates the
number of elements in the antenna array. The elements have no rotation.
When there is more than one element, the 'Element'
field of antArray
is a row vector of structures
representing all the elements.
Example: Pos=[63.1 10.2 11.5; 62 11 12]
indicates the coordinates for two
antenna elements.
Data Types: double
Rot
— Rotation angle of each antenna element
0
(default) | matrix
Rotation angle of each antenna element, specified as an
NE-by-3 matrix. The three
columns represent the RotX,
RotY, and
RotZ rotation angles of
each antenna element in radians.
NE indicates the number of
elements in the antenna array. Rot
only applies
when Pos
is specified. If not specified with
Pos
, the rotation angle is
0
.
Example: Rot=[2 1.5 0; 0 pi() 0]
indicates the rotation angles for two
antenna elements.
Data Types: double
UCA
— Uniform circular antenna array
N,1
(default) | N,Rad
Uniform circular antenna array, specified as N,Rad
. In this argument,
N
indicates the number of elements
(NE) and
Rad
indicates the radius in meters. If
Rad
is not specified, the default radius is 1
meter.
Example: UCA=8,0.5
indicates an eight element uniform circular array with
0.5 meter radius.
Data Types: double
ULA
— Uniform linear antenna array
N,1/N
(default) | N,Spacing
Uniform linear antenna array, specified as N,Spacing
. In this argument,
N
indicates the number of elements
(NE) and
Spacing
indicates the separation between adjacent
elements in meters. If Spacing
is not specified, the
default separation is 1/N
meters.
ULA elements are placed along x-axis with the center of the array at [0;0;0]. For an even number of elements, there is no antenna element at [0;0;0].
Example: ULA= [3,0.25]
indicates a three element uniform linear array with
0.25 meter spacing between adjacent elements.
Data Types: double
FP-ECS
— Field pattern of element coordinate system
4-D array
Field pattern of element coordinate system, specified as a P-by-2-by1-by-NAZ array.
The first dimension, P, can be either 1 or any number greater than or equal to the number of elements in the antenna array (NE). When P = 1, the same pattern applies to all elements. When P > NE, the first NE rows apply.
The second dimension,
2
, indicates that two polarizations characterize the field pattern. The first dimension in the field pattern stores vertical polarization, and the second one stores horizontal polarization.The third dimension,
1
, indicates that one elevation angle characterizes the field pattern.The fourth dimension, NAZ, is the number of field pattern samples taken between –180 and 180 degrees. NAZ equals the number of elements specified in
Azimuth
or whenAzimuth
is not present it equals the number of equidistant field pattern samples taken over azimuth angle.
Data Types: double
FP-ACS
— Field pattern array coordinate system
4-D array
Field pattern array coordinate system, specified as a
P-by-2-by1-by-NAZ
array. Array format is the same as the FP-ECS
syntax, except that the field pattern is specified in the
array-coordinate-system (ACS).
The first dimension, P, can be either 1 or any number greater than or equal to the number of elements in the antenna array (NE). When P = 1, the same pattern applies to all elements. When P > NE, the first NE rows apply.
The second dimension,
2
, indicates that two polarizations characterize the field pattern. The first dimension in the field pattern stores vertical polarization, and the second one stores horizontal polarization. Missing polarization dimensions of the field pattern are substituted with zeros.The third dimension,
1
, indicates that one elevation angle characterizes the field pattern.The fourth dimension, NAZ, is the number of field pattern samples taken between –180 and 180 degrees. NAZ equals the number of elements specified in
Azimuth
or whenAzimuth
is not present it equals the number of equidistant field pattern samples taken over azimuth angle.
Data Types: double
Azimuth
— Azimuth angles for 'FP-ACS' or 'FP-ECS' field patterns
row vector
Azimuth angles for FP-ACS
or FP-ECS
field patterns
in degrees , specified as an
1-by-NAZ row vector. The
values in the row vector indicate azimuth angles for elements in the
field patterns.
Note
Azimuth
applies only when
FP-ACS
or FP-ECS
are defined. If Azimuth
is not specified,
uniform spacing is used for elements in the field
pattern.
Example: Azimuth=[0 10 20 90 180 270 340 350]
Data Types: double
Output Arguments
antArray
— Antenna array definition
structure
Antenna array definition, returned as a structure containing these fields.
Name
— Antenna array name
character vector
Antenna array name, returned as a character vector.
Pos
— Antenna array position
vector
Antenna array position, returned as a 3-by-1 vector, representing the x-, y-, and z-coordinates in meters from the origin.
Rot
— Antenna array rotation
vector
Antenna array rotation, returned as a 3-by-1 vector, representing the RotX, RotY, and RotZ rotation angles of each antenna element in radians.
Element
— Element definition
row vector of structures
Element definition, returned as a row vector of structures, with each structure representing one element and containing these fields.
Pos
— Antenna array position
vector
Antenna array position, returned as a 3-by-1 vector, representing the x-, y-, and z-coordinates in meters from the origin.
Rot
— Antenna array rotation
vector
Antenna array rotation, returned as a 3-by-1 vector, representing the RotX, RotY, and RotZ rotation angles of each antenna element in radians.
Aperture
— Aperture definition
structure
Aperture definition, returned as a structure representing the antenna aperture.
More About
Antenna Array Model
To create an antenna array model, you must
define the geometry of array elements (positions and rotation) and
the element field patterns. The arguments provided to winner2.AntennaArray
are
always processed such that the array geometry is created first, and
then the field patterns are assigned.
For a detailed description of the antenna array specification for the WINNER channel model, see WINNER II Channel Models [1], Section 4.1.
References
[1] Kyosti, Pekka, Juha Meinila, et al. WINNER II Channel Models. D1.1.2 V1.2. IST-4-027756 WINNER II, September 2007.
Version History
Introduced in R2017a
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