SI Engine Simple Torque Model

For the simple torque lookup table model, the SI engine uses a lookup table map that is a function of engine speed and load, $T_{brake}=f_{TnL}(L,N)$, where:

• $T_{brake}$ is engine brake torque after accounting for spark advance, AFR, and friction effects, in N·m.

• L is engine load, as a normalized cylinder air mass, dimensionless.

• N is engine speed, in rpm.