{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-16T00:20:21.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2026-05-16T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":61337,"title":"Volumetric efficiency","description":"Volumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\r\nThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \r\nNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\r\n\r\nGiven actual air mass m_actual (kg), air density ρ (kg/m³), and displacement V_d (m³), compute volumetric efficiency η_v.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 634.383px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 317.18px; transform-origin: 467.496px 317.191px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eVolumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 514.477px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 257.227px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 257.238px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven actual air mass m_actual (kg), air density ρ (kg/m³), and displacement V_d (m³), compute volumetric efficiency η_v.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function eta_v = volEfficiency(m_actual, rho, Vd)\r\neta_v = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nm = 0.00180; rho = 1.2; Vd = 0.002;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nm = 0.00252; rho = 1.2; Vd = 0.003;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nm = 0.00096; rho = 1.15; Vd = 0.0012;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-21T09:48:02.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:45:01.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-22T18:44:35.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:48:02.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eVolumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"-1\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"-1\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven actual air mass m_actual (kg), air density ρ (kg/m³), and displacement V_d (m³), compute volumetric efficiency η_v.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"errors":[],"problems":[{"id":61337,"title":"Volumetric efficiency","description":"Volumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\r\nThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \r\nNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\r\n\r\nGiven actual air mass m_actual (kg), air density ρ (kg/m³), and displacement V_d (m³), compute volumetric efficiency η_v.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 634.383px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 317.18px; transform-origin: 467.496px 317.191px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eVolumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 514.477px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 257.227px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 257.238px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven actual air mass m_actual (kg), air density ρ (kg/m³), and displacement V_d (m³), compute volumetric efficiency η_v.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function eta_v = volEfficiency(m_actual, rho, Vd)\r\neta_v = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nm = 0.00180; rho = 1.2; Vd = 0.002;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nm = 0.00252; rho = 1.2; Vd = 0.003;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nm = 0.00096; rho = 1.15; Vd = 0.0012;\r\nassert(abs(volEfficiency(m,rho,Vd) - m/(rho*Vd)) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-21T09:48:02.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:45:01.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-22T18:44:35.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:48:02.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eVolumetric efficiency measures how well an engine breathes.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe ratio of the actual air mass drawn in per cycle to the theoretical maximum based on displacement. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNaturally aspirated engines typically achieve 80–95%.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"-1\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"-1\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr 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