why exportgraphics fails to print the legend when the content type is vector and the legend is latex interpreted?

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Marouan
Marouan on 2 Sep 2025
Edited: dpb on 5 Sep 2025
when exporting a fig as a vector, e.g. eps or pdf, if the legend is latex interpreted, the exported graphics do not show the legend. Below a snippet of my code:
% Figure
if showFig
f = figure('Color','w');
else
f = figure('Visible','off','Color','w');
end
hold on; grid on; box on; set(gca,'YScale','log');
cols = lines(9);
% Plot ML refined (solid) and CRB/PEB (dashed, black markers)
% Case A
p1 = semilogy(x, RMSE_A, '-o', 'Color', cols(1,:), 'LineWidth', 1.8, 'MarkerSize', 6);
p2 = semilogy(x, PEB_A, '--o', 'Color', [0 0 0], 'LineWidth', 1.3, 'MarkerSize', 5);
% Case B
p3 = semilogy(x, RMSE_B, '-s', 'Color', cols(2,:), 'LineWidth', 1.8, 'MarkerSize', 6);
p4 = semilogy(x, PEB_B, '--s', 'Color', [0 0 0], 'LineWidth', 1.3, 'MarkerSize', 5);
% Case C
p5 = semilogy(x, RMSE_C, '-^', 'Color', cols(3,:), 'LineWidth', 1.8, 'MarkerSize', 6);
p6 = semilogy(x, PEB_C, '--^', 'Color', [0 0 0], 'LineWidth', 1.3, 'MarkerSize', 5);
semilogy(R.values, 20*ones(size(R.values)),':r','LineWidth',1.8);
xlim([min(x) max(x)])
legend([p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6], ...
{'ML RMSE_A','PEB_A','ML RMSE_B','PEB_B','ML RMSE_C','PEB_C'}, ...
'Location','best','Interpreter','latex');
xlabel(xlab, 'Interpreter','latex');
ylabel('RMSE / PEB [mm]', 'Interpreter','latex');
title(run_title, 'Interpreter','none');
set(gca,'TickLabelInterpreter','latex','FontSize',18,'LineWidth',1.2);
% EXPORT FIG
drawnow; % ensure legend is drawn
set(f, 'Renderer', 'painters'); % force vector renderer
set(f, 'PaperPositionMode','auto'); % match figure size
[~, base, ~] = fileparts(mat_path);
out_path = fullfile(files(i).folder, sprintf('%s_PEB_ML.%s', base, fmt));
switch lower(fmt)
case 'eps'
saveas(f,out_path,'epsc')
case 'pdf'
exportgraphics(gca, [out_path, '.pdf'], 'ContentType','vector')
case 'png'
print(f, out_path, '-dpng','-r300');
otherwise
warning('Unknown fmt: %s. Skipping save.', fmt);
end
end
  2 Comments
dpb
dpb on 2 Sep 2025
Edited: dpb on 2 Sep 2025
x = 1:100;
y1 = x.^2;
y2 = x.^3;
semilogy(x,y1,'--',x,y2)
legend('$x^2$','$x^3$','Location','northwest','interpreter','latex')
exportgraphics(gca,'figure1.pdf','ContentType','vector')
appears to work locally w/ R2021b so must be something about later release...
Rik
Rik on 3 Sep 2025
Ran in:
Here is a hex dump of what 2024b does. I couldn't find a free way to convert a pdf to an image in this interface (there are ways in Linux, but the code run feature runs in a very minimal setup).
If you copy this to your local machine you can check whether your results match.
x = 1:100;y1 = x.^2;y2 = x.^3;semilogy(x,y1,'--',x,y2)
legend('$x^2$','$x^3$','Location','northwest','interpreter','latex')
exportgraphics(gca,'figure1.pdf','ContentType','vector')
close
fid=fopen('figure1.pdf','rb');
buffer=cell(0);
while ~feof(fid)
data=fread(fid,40,'uint8');
buffer{end+1}=sprintf('%02x',data);
end
fclose(fid);
fprintf('%s\n',buffer{:})
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Answers (2)

Shantanu
Shantanu on 5 Sep 2025
Hi Marouan,
I understand the issue that legend is not getting displayed on exporting plot as PDF, I have executed given code on MATLAB R2025a, and it seems that the LaTeX interpreter fails on unescaped underscore characters (_). This causes an error when calculating the text size for the exported PDF file, making the legend disappear.
The fix is to simply escape each underscore with a backslash (\).
legend([p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6], ...
{'ML RMSE\_A','PEB\_A','ML RMSE\_B','PEB\_B','ML RMSE\_C','PEB\_C'}, ...
'Location','best','Interpreter','latex');
Hope this solves the problem.
  1 Comment
dpb
dpb on 5 Sep 2025
Edited: dpb on 5 Sep 2025
Ran in:
The above will remove the LaTeX warning, yes, but it won't create the desired legend with the underscored character as OP desires; the MATLAB LaTeX interpreter requires the string to be encapsulated within the $ signs per the documentation (which isn't all that easy to find, easiest way is to go to the text page first).
y=rand(20,6);
subplot(2,1,1)
hL=plot(y);
legend(hL,{'ML RMSE\_A','PEB\_A','ML RMSE\_B','PEB\_B','ML RMSE\_C','PEB\_C'}, ...
'Location','eastoutside','Interpreter','latex');
title('Just Escape the Underscore')
subplot(2,1,2)
hL=plot(y);
legend(hL,{'$ML RMSE_A$','$PEB_A$','$ML RMSE_B$','$PEB_B$','$ML RMSE_C$','$PEB_C$'}, ...
'Location','eastoutside','Interpreter','latex');
title('Enclose legend Strings With $, No Escape')

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dpb
dpb on 5 Sep 2025
Edited: dpb on 5 Sep 2025
Ran in:
@Shantanu was on the right track, but not quite correct to produce the intended result...
The <documentation on special characters with LaTeX> illustrates must enclose the to-be-interpreted-as-LaTeX-strings text in $ signs for special characters to be interpreted correctly.
y=randn(20,6)+repmat([3 10],1,3);
hL=plot(y);
legend(hL,{'$ML RMSE_A$','$PEB_A$','$ML RMSE_B$','$PEB_B$','$ML RMSE_C$','$PEB_C$'}, ...
'Location','eastoutside','Interpreter','latex');
title('Encapsulate legend Strings with $')
●
"Escaping" the underscore removes the warning so the legend text is created/displayed, but inserts the special character instead of implementing the behavior to subscript the following character as illustrated in above comment.

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