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Using ODE45 with a matrix as input to my function

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I want to repeatedly solve a set of ODEs for different values of some parameters, which will be encoded in a matrix. The equation I want to solve is
where Γcontains the parameters I wish to vary.
I made a function file:
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
Gamma
y = Gamma*x;
dxdt = zeros(size(x));
dxdt(1) = y(1);
dxdt(2) = y(2);
dxdt(3) = y(3);
dxdt(4) = y(4);
dxdt(5) = y(5) ;
If I create the variables tspan, xinit, Gamma of appropriate size and call the function, I get:
UseGamma(tspan,xinit,Gamma)
Gamma =
-0.7500 0 -0.2500 1.0000 0.2500
0 -0.2500 -0.2500 1.0000 0.7500
-0.1250 -0.1250 -1.0000 0 0
0 0 0 -2.0000 0
0.7500 0.2500 0.5000 0 -1.0000
ans =
-0.7400
0.0075
-0.1237
0
0.7325
However when I try to use this function as the RHS of my differential equation by calling it with ode45, I get:
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
Gamma =
0×0 empty char array
Error using *
Incorrect dimensions for matrix multiplication. Check that the number of columns in the first matrix matches the number of rows in the second matrix. To perform elementwise
multiplication, use '.*'.
Error in UseGamma (line 3)
y = Gamma*x;
Error in odearguments (line 90)
f0 = feval(ode,t0,y0,args{:}); % ODE15I sets args{1} to yp0.
Error in ode45 (line 115)
odearguments(FcnHandlesUsed, solver_name, ode, tspan, y0, options, varargin);
Is it possible to use the matrix as the input to ode45? If so, what am I doing wrong? If not, what is the simplest way to input these 25 values in Gamma to ode45? Thanks to everybody who is always so helpful!

Accepted Answer

Jan
Jan on 2 Mar 2023
Edited: Jan on 2 Mar 2023
You can abbreviate:
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
Gamma
y = Gamma*x;
dxdt = zeros(size(x));
dxdt(1) = y(1);
dxdt(2) = y(2);
dxdt(3) = y(3);
dxdt(4) = y(4);
dxdt(5) = y(5) ;
to
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
dxdt = Gamma * x;
This style of calling an ODE integrator is outdated for over 20 years now (since Matlab R6.5):
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
In Matlab 2022b this is treated as error and I get a message about an unknown function "UseGamma" when I run this in the forum. Prefer:
[t,x] = ode45(@(t,x) UseGamma(t, x, Gamma), tspan, xinit);
But the main problem is, that somewhere Gamma is defined as empty CHAR ''. Please post a copy of the code.
  3 Comments
Emily
Emily on 2 Mar 2023
Thanks Jan,
I had originally used your shorter version of the function, but had been trying the longer more explicit version to troubleshoot.
Yes, the problem seems to be the way I was calling the integrator. I was following an example on the internet. Here is a code that works:
% A MWE calling UseGamma in ODE45
ParameterA = 1
ParameterB = 10
sum = ParameterA + ParameterB
Gamma=zeros(5,5);
Gamma(1,1) = -(1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(1,3) = -(ParameterB*ParameterA/(2*sum^2));
Gamma(1,4) = 1;
Gamma(1,5) = ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,2) = -1*ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,3) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,4) = 1;
Gamma(2,5) = (1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(3,1) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(4*sum^2);
Gamma(3,2) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(4*sum^2);
Gamma(3,3) = -1;
Gamma(4,4) = -2;
Gamma(5,5) = -1;
Gamma(5,1) = (1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(5,2) = 1*ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(5,3) = ParameterB*ParameterA/sum^2;
xinit = [0.99; 0; 0;0;0.01];
tspan = [0 50];
UseGamma(tspan,xinit,Gamma)
[t,x] = ode45(@(t,x) UseGamma(t, x, Gamma), tspan, xinit);
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
dxdt = Gamma * x;
end
However when I call it using the old format, it doesn't work:
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
Gamma =
0×0 empty char array
Jan
Jan on 2 Mar 2023
@Emily: Fine.
Just a note: Using the names of built-in functions as variables is a frequent cause of bugs. See:
sum(1:10) % Working
ans = 55
sum = 17;
sum(1:10) % Error:
Index exceeds the number of array elements. Index must not exceed 1.

'sum' appears to be both a function and a variable. If this is unintentional, use 'clear sum' to remove the variable 'sum' from the workspace.

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