# equationsToMatrix

Convert linear equations to matrix form

## Syntax

``````[A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns)``````
``````[A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns,vars)``````
``A = equationsToMatrix(___)``

## Description

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``````[A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns)``` converts equations `eqns` to matrix form. `eqns` must be a linear system of equations in all variables that `symvar` finds in `eqns`.```

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``````[A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns,vars)``` converts `eqns` to matrix form, where `eqns` must be linear in `vars`.```

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````A = equationsToMatrix(___)` returns only the coefficient matrix of the system of equations.```

## Examples

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Convert a system of linear equations to matrix form. `equationsToMatrix` automatically detects the variables in the equations by using `symvar`. The returned coefficient matrix follows the variable order determined by `symvar`.

```syms x y z eqns = [x+y-2*z == 0, x+y+z == 1, 2*y-z == -5]; [A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns) vars = symvar(eqns)```
```A = [ 1, 1, -2] [ 1, 1, 1] [ 0, 2, -1] b = 0 1 -5 vars = [ x, y, z]```

You can change the arrangement of the coefficient matrix by specifying other variable order.

```vars = [x, z, y]; [A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns,vars)```
```A = [ 1, -2, 1] [ 1, 1, 1] [ 0, -1, 2] b = 0 1 -5```

Convert a linear system of equations to the matrix form by specifying independent variables. This is useful when the equation are only linear in some variables.

For this system, specify the variables as `[s t]` because the system is not linear in `r`.

```syms r s t eqns = [s-2*t+r^2 == -1 3*s-t == 10]; vars = [s t]; [A,b] = equationsToMatrix(eqns,vars)```
```A = [ 1, -2] [ 3, -1] b = - r^2 - 1 10```

Return only the coefficient matrix of the equations by specifying a single output argument.

```syms x y z eqns = [x+y-2*z == 0, x+y+z == 1, 2*y-z == -5]; vars = [x y z]; A = equationsToMatrix(eqns,vars)```
```A = [ 1, 1, -2] [ 1, 1, 1] [ 0, 2, -1]```

## Input Arguments

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Linear equations, specified as a vector of symbolic equations or expressions. Symbolic equations are defined by using the `==` operator, such as `x + y == 1`. For symbolic expressions, `equationsToMatrix` assumes that the right side is 0.

Equations must be linear in terms of `vars`.

Independent variables in `eqns`, specified as a vector of symbolic variables.

## Output Arguments

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Coefficient matrix of the system of linear equations, specified as a symbolic matrix.

Vector containing the right sides of equations, specified as a symbolic matrix.

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### Matrix Representation of System of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations

`$\begin{array}{l}{a}_{11}{x}_{1}+{a}_{12}{x}_{2}+\dots +{a}_{1n}{x}_{n}={b}_{1}\\ {a}_{21}{x}_{1}+{a}_{22}{x}_{2}+\dots +{a}_{2n}{x}_{n}={b}_{2}\\ \cdots \\ {a}_{m1}{x}_{1}+{a}_{m2}{x}_{2}+\dots +{a}_{mn}{x}_{n}={b}_{m}\end{array}$`

can be represented as the matrix equation $A\cdot \stackrel{\to }{x}=\stackrel{\to }{b}$. Here, A is the coefficient matrix.

`$A=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}{a}_{11}& \dots & {a}_{1n}\\ ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ {a}_{m1}& \cdots & {a}_{mn}\end{array}\right)$`

$\stackrel{\to }{b}$ is the vector containing the right sides of equations.

`$\stackrel{\to }{b}=\left(\begin{array}{c}{b}_{1}\\ ⋮\\ {b}_{m}\end{array}\right)$`